Ixodidae, commonly known as hard ticks, are a family of ticks that are characterized by their tough outer shell. They are ectoparasites, meaning they feed on the blood of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Hard ticks are known for their ability to transmit various diseases, including Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. These ticks have a distinct mouthpart that extends forward, allowing them to attach firmly to their hosts. The life cycle of Ixodidae includes four stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. They typically thrive in wooded or grassy areas, where they wait for a host to pass by.