Ivan the Terrible, born in 1530, was the first Tsar of Russia, ruling from 1547 until his death in 1584. He is known for centralizing power and expanding the Russian territory, significantly increasing the influence of the Russian state. His reign marked the transition from a medieval state to an empire. Despite his accomplishments, Ivan's rule was also marked by violence and paranoia. He established the Oprichnina, a state policy that involved political repression and mass executions. His unpredictable behavior and harsh methods earned him the nickname "Terrible," reflecting both his formidable power and his brutal tactics.