An Italian sonnet, also known as a Petrarchan sonnet, is a poetic form consisting of 14 lines divided into two parts: an octave and a sestet. The octave typically follows the rhyme scheme ABBAABBA, while the sestet can vary, often using patterns like CDCDCD or CDECDE. This structure allows poets to present a problem or theme in the octave and offer a resolution or reflection in the sestet. The Italian sonnet originated in Italy during the 13th century and was popularized by poets such as Petrarch. It has influenced many writers across different languages and eras, including Shakespeare, who adapted the form into his own style. The sonnet's concise structure and rich emotional depth make it a favored choice for expressing complex ideas and feelings.