Italian colonization refers to the expansion of the Kingdom of Italy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily in Africa and the Mediterranean. Italy sought to establish overseas territories to enhance its national prestige and secure resources. Key areas of colonization included Eritrea, Somalia, and Libya. The Italian colonial empire was marked by military conquests and the establishment of settlements. However, it faced resistance from local populations and was often characterized by harsh treatment and exploitation. The legacy of Italian colonization continues to influence the regions involved, affecting their social and political landscapes today.