The Italian Campaign refers to a series of military operations during World War II, primarily from 1943 to 1945. It involved the Allied forces, including the United States and the United Kingdom, fighting against Axis powers, particularly Germany and Italy. The campaign aimed to secure control of Italy and weaken German defenses in Europe. Key battles in the campaign included the Battle of Sicily and the Battle of Monte Cassino. The campaign ultimately led to the fall of Mussolini's regime and the surrender of Italy in 1943, paving the way for further Allied advances into Europe.