Islamic rule refers to governance based on the principles of Islam, which is a monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century. Under Islamic rule, laws and policies are often derived from the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, known as Hadith. This system can vary widely, with some countries implementing strict interpretations of Sharia law, while others adopt a more moderate approach. Throughout history, Islamic rule has been established in various regions, leading to the formation of powerful empires such as the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. These empires contributed significantly to culture, science, and trade, influencing societies across Africa, Asia, and Europe.