The Islamic period refers to the era that began in the 7th century CE with the life of the Prophet Muhammad and the subsequent spread of Islam. This period is marked by the establishment of the Caliphate, which unified various regions under Islamic rule, promoting cultural, scientific, and economic advancements. During the Islamic period, significant contributions were made in fields such as mathematics, medicine, and philosophy. The Golden Age of Islam saw the flourishing of knowledge, with scholars like Al-Khwarizmi and Avicenna making lasting impacts. This era also facilitated trade and cultural exchanges across regions, including Europe, Africa, and Asia.