Iron catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They are commonly used in industrial applications, such as the production of ammonia through the Haber process. Iron is favored for its abundance, low cost, and effectiveness in facilitating reactions. These catalysts work by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. This means that reactions can occur more quickly and efficiently. Iron catalysts are also important in the production of various chemicals and fuels, contributing to more sustainable and economical manufacturing processes.