The Irish Literary Revival was a cultural movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries aimed at promoting Irish literature and culture. It sought to revive interest in Irish folklore, mythology, and the Irish language, countering British dominance in literature. Key figures included W.B. Yeats, Lady Gregory, and John Millington Synge, who played significant roles in establishing a distinct Irish literary identity. This movement led to the formation of the Abbey Theatre in 1904, which became a central venue for showcasing new Irish plays. The revival also inspired a generation of writers to explore themes of nationalism and identity, contributing to the broader cultural and political landscape of Ireland during this period.