In August 1990, Iraq, led by President Saddam Hussein, invaded its neighbor Kuwait. The invasion was motivated by Iraq's desire to control Kuwait's oil reserves and to address economic issues following the Iran-Iraq War. The Iraqi military quickly took over Kuwait City, leading to widespread international condemnation. In response, a coalition of countries, including the United States and United Nations, formed to oppose the invasion. This coalition launched Operation Desert Shield to protect Saudi Arabia and later Operation Desert Storm in January 1991, which aimed to liberate Kuwait. The conflict ended in February 1991, restoring Kuwait's sovereignty.