Iodine deficiency occurs when the body does not get enough iodine, an essential mineral needed for the production of thyroid hormones. These hormones are crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. A lack of iodine can lead to health issues, including goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, and can affect cognitive function, particularly in children. In many parts of the world, iodine deficiency is a significant public health concern. It can be prevented through dietary sources such as iodized salt, seafood, dairy products, and certain grains. Awareness and supplementation programs are essential to combat this deficiency and promote overall health.