Intumescent coatings are specialized fire-resistant materials applied to surfaces, typically made of steel or wood. When exposed to high temperatures, these coatings expand significantly, forming a thick, insulating char layer that protects the underlying material from heat and flames. This process helps to delay structural failure during a fire, providing valuable time for evacuation and firefighting efforts. These coatings are commonly used in commercial and industrial buildings, as well as in some residential applications. They can be applied as paints or sprays and are often part of a broader fire protection strategy that includes other measures like fire alarms and sprinkler systems.