Intestinal epithelial cells are specialized cells that line the surface of the intestines. They play a crucial role in nutrient absorption, forming a barrier that protects the body from harmful substances and pathogens. These cells are constantly renewed, with new cells generated from stem cells located in the intestinal crypts. These cells are also involved in maintaining gut health by producing mucus and antimicrobial substances. They help regulate the immune response in the gut, ensuring a balance between tolerance to beneficial microbes and defense against harmful ones. Overall, intestinal epithelial cells are essential for digestive function and overall health.