Paneth cells are specialized cells located in the small intestine, particularly in the crypts of Lieberkühn. They play a crucial role in maintaining gut health by producing antimicrobial peptides and proteins, which help protect the intestinal lining from harmful bacteria and pathogens. These cells also contribute to the regulation of the intestinal microbiome, supporting beneficial bacteria while inhibiting harmful ones. Paneth cells are essential for the overall function of the gastrointestinal system and play a role in the immune response, ensuring a balanced environment in the gut.