An Interval Tree is a data structure used to efficiently store and manage intervals, which are pairs of numbers representing a range. It allows for quick searching, insertion, and deletion of intervals, making it useful in various applications such as computational geometry, scheduling, and resource allocation. The structure organizes intervals in a way that enables fast queries to find all intervals that overlap with a given interval. This is achieved by maintaining a balanced binary tree, where each node represents an interval and stores information about the maximum endpoint of intervals in its subtree.