Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol, designed to replace Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). It was developed to address the limitations of IPv4, particularly the exhaustion of available IP addresses. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address scheme, allowing for a vastly larger number of unique IP addresses, which is essential for the growing number of devices connected to the internet. IPv6 also includes improvements in routing and network autoconfiguration, making it easier for devices to connect and communicate. Additionally, it enhances security features by incorporating Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) as a fundamental part of the protocol, ensuring safer data transmission across networks.