Interconnects are the pathways that connect different components within electronic devices, such as microprocessors, memory chips, and circuit boards. They facilitate communication and data transfer between these components, ensuring that the device functions efficiently. Interconnects can be made from various materials, including metals and polymers, and can take different forms, such as wires, traces, or optical fibers. In modern electronics, the design and performance of interconnects are crucial for achieving high-speed data transmission and minimizing energy loss. As technology advances, the demand for faster and more efficient interconnects continues to grow, leading to innovations in nanotechnology and 3D packaging techniques.