An Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) is a set of predetermined maneuvers that pilots follow to safely land an aircraft in low visibility conditions. These procedures are designed to guide pilots from the en route phase of flight to the runway, using instruments rather than visual references. IAPs are published in charts and include specific altitudes, headings, and navigation aids. IAPs are essential for maintaining safety during approaches, especially in adverse weather. They often involve the use of Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) or Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to ensure precise navigation. Pilots must be trained and certified to execute these procedures effectively.