Instruction Scheduling is a technique used in computer architecture to optimize the execution of instructions in a program. It involves rearranging the order of instructions to minimize delays caused by data dependencies, resource conflicts, or pipeline stalls. By effectively scheduling instructions, processors can improve performance and make better use of available resources. This process is crucial in modern processors, especially those that use superscalar or out-of-order execution techniques. By allowing multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously, instruction scheduling helps to increase throughput and reduce the overall execution time of programs, leading to more efficient computing.