Institutional reform refers to changes made to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability of organizations, particularly within the public sector. This process often involves revising laws, policies, and procedures to better serve the needs of citizens and enhance governance. Such reforms can address issues like corruption, bureaucratic inefficiency, and lack of transparency. Examples include restructuring government agencies, implementing new regulatory frameworks, or adopting best practices from successful institutions. The goal is to create a more responsive and responsible system that fosters trust and promotes social and economic development.