Institutional change refers to the process through which established organizations, rules, or practices evolve over time. This can occur in various settings, such as governments, businesses, or non-profit organizations, often in response to external pressures, shifts in societal values, or technological advancements. The goal of institutional change is to improve efficiency, effectiveness, or adaptability within the institution. Factors driving institutional change may include public policy reforms, market competition, or social movements. These changes can be gradual or abrupt, and they often require the involvement of multiple stakeholders to ensure successful implementation. Understanding institutional change is crucial for analyzing how organizations respond to challenges and opportunities in their environments.