Inflammation of the brain, also known as encephalitis, occurs when the brain's tissue becomes swollen due to an immune response. This condition can be triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases, or exposure to toxins. Symptoms may include fever, headache, confusion, and seizures, depending on the severity and cause of the inflammation. Diagnosis typically involves medical imaging, such as MRI or CT scans, and laboratory tests of blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment often focuses on addressing the underlying cause, which may include antiviral medications for infections or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Early intervention is crucial for better outcomes.