The Indus Valley script is a collection of symbols used by the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, which thrived around 2500 BCE in present-day Pakistan and northwest India. This script appears on various artifacts, including seals, pottery, and tablets, but its exact meaning remains undeciphered. Scholars believe the script consists of around 400 unique signs, but its brevity and lack of bilingual texts make translation challenging. The Indus Valley Civilization is known for its advanced urban planning and trade, yet the inability to read the script limits our understanding of their culture and society.