The Indian Evidence Act is a legal framework enacted in 1872 that governs the admissibility of evidence in Indian courts. It outlines the types of evidence that can be presented, including oral and documentary evidence, and establishes rules for how evidence should be evaluated during legal proceedings. This Act is crucial for ensuring fair trials and justice in the Indian legal system. It also defines key concepts such as relevance, admissibility, and the burden of proof, helping judges and lawyers navigate the complexities of presenting and challenging evidence in cases involving individuals and entities.