Indian Civilization is one of the world's oldest and most diverse cultures, with roots tracing back over 4,500 years. It has evolved through various historical periods, including the Indus Valley Civilization, known for its advanced urban planning and trade, and the Vedic period, which laid the foundations for Hindu philosophy and social structure. Throughout its history, Indian Civilization has been influenced by various empires, such as the Maurya and Gupta Empires, which contributed to advancements in science, mathematics, and art. The arrival of Islamic and later British influences further shaped its cultural landscape, resulting in a rich tapestry of languages, religions, and traditions that continue to thrive today.