"Indian Affairs" refers to the policies and regulations that govern the relationship between the United States government and the Indigenous peoples of North America, often referred to as Native Americans. This includes issues related to land rights, sovereignty, and the provision of services such as education and healthcare. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is the federal agency responsible for managing these relationships and overseeing the implementation of laws and treaties. It works to promote the welfare of tribes and their members, ensuring that their rights and interests are protected under U.S. law.