An image sensor is a crucial component in digital cameras and smartphones that captures light to create images. It converts incoming light into electrical signals, which are then processed to form a digital picture. There are two main types of image sensors: CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor), each with its own advantages in terms of image quality and power consumption. Image sensors are typically made up of millions of tiny light-sensitive elements called pixels. The more pixels an image sensor has, the higher the resolution of the images it can produce. This technology is essential for various applications, including photography, video recording, and even in medical imaging devices.