Illuminated manuscripts are handwritten books that feature decorative elements, such as colorful illustrations and ornate lettering. These artworks were primarily created during the Middle Ages, often by monks in monasteries. The term "illuminated" refers to the use of gold or silver leaf, which made the pages shimmer and appear to glow. These manuscripts often contained religious texts, such as the Bible or prayer books, but could also include historical accounts and literature. The process of creating an illuminated manuscript was labor-intensive, requiring skilled artisans to carefully paint and embellish each page, making them valuable and cherished works of art.