Idgham is a term in Arabic phonetics that refers to the merging of two letters when reciting the Quran. This occurs when a letter with a sukoon (no vowel) is followed by one of the letters of Idgham, which are ر, ل, م, ن, و, and ي. Instead of pronouncing both letters separately, the first letter is absorbed into the second, creating a smoother sound. There are two main types of Idgham: Idgham with ghunnah and Idgham without ghunnah. In Idgham with ghunnah, a nasal sound is produced, while in Idgham without ghunnah, the sound is pronounced without the nasal quality. Understanding Idgham is essential for proper Quran recitation and enhances the beauty of the Arabic language.