Iceland's history began with the arrival of Norse settlers in the late 9th century, primarily from Norway. The first permanent settlement was established around 874 AD, and the country was officially settled by the year 930, when the Althing, one of the world's oldest parliaments, was founded. In the 13th century, Iceland entered a period of Norwegian and later Danish rule, which lasted for several centuries. Iceland gained independence in 1944, becoming a republic after World War II. Today, it is known for its unique culture, stunning landscapes, and strong sense of national identity.