IL-1α, or Interleukin-1 alpha, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is produced by various cells, including macrophages and keratinocytes, and helps regulate inflammation and immune responses. When the body detects an infection or injury, IL-1α is released to signal other immune cells to respond, promoting healing and defense against pathogens. This protein is part of a larger family of cytokines, which are signaling molecules that facilitate communication between cells. Elevated levels of IL-1α can be associated with various inflammatory diseases, making it an important target for research and potential therapies in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.