Hydrometallurgical processes are methods used to extract metals from their ores using aqueous solutions. This technique involves several steps, including leaching, where the metal is dissolved in a solution, followed by separation and purification to recover the desired metal. Commonly used for metals like copper, gold, and nickel, these processes are often more environmentally friendly compared to traditional pyrometallurgical methods. These processes can be divided into three main stages: leaching, solution concentration, and metal recovery. Leaching can be performed using various chemicals, such as acids or cyanide, depending on the metal being extracted. The efficiency and effectiveness of hydrometallurgical processes make them a popular choice in the mining industry.