"Human subjects" refer to individuals who participate in research studies, particularly in fields like medicine, psychology, and social sciences. These participants provide data through various means, such as surveys, interviews, or clinical trials, helping researchers understand human behavior, health, and responses to treatments. The use of human subjects is governed by ethical guidelines to ensure their safety and rights. Researchers must obtain informed consent, meaning participants are fully aware of the study's purpose, procedures, and potential risks. This process is crucial for maintaining trust and integrity in research involving human beings, as outlined by organizations like the Institutional Review Board (IRB).