Human population genetics is the study of genetic variation within and between human populations. It examines how genes are distributed across different groups and how factors like migration, natural selection, and genetic drift influence this distribution. By analyzing genetic markers, researchers can trace ancestry and understand the evolutionary history of populations. This field also helps identify genetic predispositions to certain diseases and traits, providing insights into public health. Techniques such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are used to link specific genetic variations to health outcomes, enhancing our understanding of human biology and the impact of genetics on diverse populations.