Human civilization refers to the complex societies that have developed over thousands of years, characterized by advancements in culture, technology, and governance. From the early Mesopotamian city-states to modern global societies, human civilization has evolved through various stages, each contributing to our collective knowledge and way of life. The development of language, art, and social structures has played a crucial role in shaping civilizations. Key milestones, such as the invention of the wheel and the establishment of democracy, have significantly influenced human progress and interaction, leading to the diverse world we inhabit today.