Hugo Riemann (1849-1919) was a prominent German musicologist and composer known for his contributions to music theory and analysis. He played a significant role in the development of musicology as a discipline, emphasizing the importance of historical context in understanding music. Riemann's work laid the foundation for modern music theory, particularly through his concepts of harmony and musical form. Riemann is best known for his theories on tonality and harmony, which influenced many musicians and scholars. He also created the Riemannian notation system, which provided a new way to analyze and notate music. His writings continue to be referenced in the study of Western classical music.