The Howland and Baker Islands National Wildlife Refuge is located in the central Pacific Ocean, approximately halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa. Established in 1974, the refuge encompasses two uninhabited islands, Howland Island and Baker Island, which are part of the United States and managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. These islands serve as critical habitats for various seabird species and are important for the conservation of marine life. The refuge is primarily focused on protecting the unique ecosystems found on the islands, including their coral reefs and native vegetation. Access to the islands is limited, ensuring minimal human impact on the environment. The area is also significant for scientific research and monitoring of wildlife populations, contributing to broader conservation efforts in the Pacific region.