Homologous recombination is a biological process that occurs during cell division, specifically in meiosis and mitosis. It involves the exchange of genetic material between two similar or identical DNA molecules. This process helps ensure genetic diversity in offspring and plays a crucial role in repairing DNA breaks, maintaining genomic stability. During homologous recombination, enzymes facilitate the alignment of homologous chromosomes, allowing for the precise exchange of segments. This mechanism is essential for eukaryotic organisms and is also utilized in laboratory techniques, such as gene targeting and genome editing, to introduce specific changes in DNA sequences.