Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was a significant ruler in the 16th century, reigning from 1519 to 1556. He was born in 1500 and was a member of the Habsburg dynasty. His empire included vast territories across Europe, including Spain, Austria, and parts of Italy and the Netherlands. Charles V was known for his efforts to maintain Catholic unity during the Protestant Reformation. During his reign, Charles V faced numerous challenges, including conflicts with France and the rise of Protestantism led by figures like Martin Luther. He ultimately abdicated in 1556, dividing his empire between his brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II of Spain.