The Holy League refers to various coalitions formed by Christian states to combat common threats, particularly during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. One of the most notable was established in 1571, consisting of the Papal States, Spain, Venice, and other Christian nations, aimed at countering the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean. The most famous victory of this league occurred at the Battle of Lepanto, where the allied forces defeated the Ottoman fleet. This battle marked a significant turning point in the struggle between Christian Europe and the Ottoman Empire, showcasing the effectiveness of united Christian efforts against a common adversary.