Historical linguists study the evolution of languages over time. They analyze changes in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation to understand how languages develop and relate to one another. By examining ancient texts and comparing modern languages, they can trace the lineage of words and identify language families, such as the Indo-European family. These linguists use various methods, including comparative linguistics and etymology, to reconstruct past languages and understand cultural exchanges. Their work helps reveal how historical events, migrations, and social changes influence language, providing insights into human history and communication.