Comparative linguistics is the study of the similarities and differences between languages. It aims to understand how languages evolve over time and how they are related to one another. By comparing vocabulary, grammar, and phonetics, linguists can trace the historical connections between languages and reconstruct their common ancestors. This field often involves analyzing language families, such as the Indo-European or Sino-Tibetan families. Researchers use methods like sound correspondences and cognate identification to establish relationships. Comparative linguistics not only helps in understanding language development but also sheds light on human migration and cultural exchange throughout history.