Hip arthroplasty is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a damaged or worn-out hip joint with an artificial implant. This surgery is commonly performed to relieve pain and improve mobility in patients suffering from conditions like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. During the procedure, the surgeon removes the damaged bone and cartilage from the hip joint and replaces it with a prosthetic joint made of metal, plastic, or ceramic materials. Recovery typically involves physical therapy to help restore strength and range of motion, allowing patients to return to their daily activities.