The Hindu calendar consists of twelve months, each with its own significance and festivals. The months are based on lunar cycles, with each month beginning with the new moon. The names of the months include Chaitra, Vaishakha, Jyeshtha, Ashadha, Shravana, Bhadrapada, Ashwin, Kartika, Margashirsha, Pushya, Magha, and Phalguna. Each month is divided into two fortnights: the waxing phase, known as Shukla Paksha, and the waning phase, called Krishna Paksha. Important festivals, such as Diwali and Holi, are celebrated during specific months, reflecting the cultural and religious practices of Hinduism.