High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture. It works by passing a liquid sample through a column filled with a solid material, where different substances interact with the solid at varying degrees. This results in the components being separated as they move through the column at different rates. HPLC is widely used in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, environmental testing, and food safety. It allows for precise analysis of complex mixtures, making it essential for quality control and research. The method is known for its speed, efficiency, and ability to handle small sample sizes.