Heuristic-based approaches refer to problem-solving methods that use practical techniques or shortcuts to find solutions more quickly and efficiently. These methods do not guarantee an optimal solution but are often sufficient for reaching satisfactory outcomes in complex situations. They are commonly used in fields like computer science, psychology, and decision-making. In artificial intelligence, heuristic algorithms help computers make decisions by evaluating possible options based on experience or rules of thumb. For example, in game theory, a heuristic might guide a player to choose moves that have historically led to success, rather than analyzing every possible outcome exhaustively.