The Herzogtum Braunschweig, or Duchy of Brunswick, was a historical territory in northern Germany. Established in the early 19th century, it was part of the German Confederation and later became a part of the German Empire in 1871. The duchy was known for its rich cultural heritage and economic significance, particularly in trade and industry. The capital of the duchy was Braunschweig, a city with a long history dating back to the Middle Ages. The region was ruled by the House of Welf, a prominent noble family, which played a significant role in the political landscape of Germany. The duchy was dissolved after World War I, leading to changes in its governance and territorial boundaries.