Hemolysis is the process in which red blood cells (RBCs) break down, releasing their contents into the surrounding fluid. This can occur naturally as part of the body's recycling of old or damaged RBCs, but it can also be triggered by various factors such as infections, certain medications, or autoimmune disorders. When hemolysis occurs, it can lead to a decrease in the number of RBCs, resulting in conditions like anemia. The released hemoglobin can be further broken down into bilirubin, which may cause jaundice if produced in excess. Understanding hemolysis is important in diagnosing and treating related health issues.