The Hebrew literary renaissance refers to a period of revitalization in Hebrew literature that began in the late 19th century and continued into the early 20th century. This movement was characterized by a resurgence of Hebrew as a spoken and written language, largely influenced by the Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment) and the rise of Zionism. Writers and poets sought to create a modern Hebrew literature that reflected contemporary themes and experiences. Key figures in this renaissance included Chaim Nachman Bialik, often regarded as the national poet of Israel, and Shmuel Yosef Agnon, who later won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Their works explored Jewish identity, culture, and the complexities of life in a changing world. This period laid the foundation for modern Hebrew literature and significantly contributed to the cultural revival of the Jewish people.