Heavy artillery refers to large-caliber guns used in warfare, designed to deliver powerful explosive shells over long distances. These weapons play a crucial role in both offensive and defensive operations, providing support to ground troops and fortifications. Examples include howitzers and siege guns, which can devastate enemy positions and infrastructure. The effectiveness of heavy artillery lies in its ability to bombard targets from afar, minimizing the risk to personnel. Historically, heavy artillery has been pivotal in major conflicts, influencing the outcomes of battles and shaping military strategies. Its evolution continues with advancements in technology, enhancing precision and firepower.